NOTE: THE TERM "FAMILY" DID NOT BECOME POPULAR,
NOR WAS IT USED UNTIL AFTER VALACHI'S TESTIMONY IN 1963.

BUFFALO FAMILY NOTES:
1) Joseph Peter DiCarlo, Jr. died of natural causes July 9, 1922
2) According to the government's "25 Years After Valachi,"  on July 9, 1969 a dissident group of Buffalo Family members met to
    form a rival gang in response to the realization that Magaddino had been withholding money from family members. Named 
    to head this new faction was Salvatori "Sam" Pieri.
3) On September 25, 1970 Sam Pieri was convicted on federal charges of bribery and sentenced to five years in prison. He 
    was succeeded in this new faction by Joseph Fino.
4) Adding to all the faction confusion is a note in "25 Years After Valachi" that on May 8, 1974 John V. Camilleri was murdered 
    by "rival factions of the Magaddino Family." Then it states one faction was led by Sam Pieri and the second by Joseph Fino.
    Stefano Magaddino died of natural causes July 19, 1974.
5) After the death of Magaddino some sources state the family broke into two factions. One faction was headed by Sam Pieri
    a second by Joseph Todaro, Sr. In "25 Years After Valachi" the government states that Sam Frangiamore became the boss.
    According to Lee Coppola, a former prosecutor, Ron Fino was the "acknowledged godfather" after Magaddino's death,
    but willingly gave way to the Pieris.
6) Sam Pieri pled guilty to gambling charges on November 20, 1978
7) Sam Pieri died of natural causes on August 24, 1981
8) In November 1994, the Justice Department stated that organized crime operations were run by Joseph Todaro, Sr. and
    his son, Joseph Todaro, Jr., and that Todaro had taken over during the mid-1980s. The report also stated that Joseph
    Todaro, Sr. was living semi-retired in Florida. Joseph Pieri died of natural causes on August 20, 1997



CHICAGO FAMILY NOTES:
1) Jim Colosimo was murdered on May 11, 1920
2) Johnny Torrio was shot on January 24, 1925 - he turned the reigns over to Capone shortly after this
3) Al Capone was convicted of income tax evasion on October 17, 1931
4) Frank Nitti, who was believed to be a figure head boss in some circles, committed suicide on March 19, 1943
5) Paul Ricca was convicted in a film industry extortion case on December 22, 1943, appeals were exhausted in 1945
6) Anthony Accardo unofficially retired as boss although he would call the shots behind the scenes until his death
    on May 27, 1992
7) Sam Giancana was imprisoned from June 1, 1965 to May 31, 1966 for contempt for refusing to speak to a grand
    jury. Following his release, he fled the country and did not return until July 19, 1974. He was murdered on June 19, 1975
8) Sam Battaglia was convicted of racketeering charges on May 9, 1967 and imprisoned after appeals.
9) According to "25 Years After Valachi," Jackie Cerone succeeded Battaglia. Some sources, including William Roemer,
     say Felix Alderisio replaced Battaglia for about a year. Cerone was convicted of gambling charges on May 9, 1970
10) Joseph Aiuppa was convicted in the Strawman II case on January 21, 1986
11) Joseph Ferriola died of natural causes on March 11, 1989
12) According to William Roemer, Accardo appointed both Sam Carlisi and John DiFronzo as successors to Ferriola
13) Both DiFronzo and Carlisi were sent to prison in 1993 in separate convictions
14) While many believe Joseph Lombardo became boss in 1994, William Roemer stated in 1995 that possibly Joseph
       Andriacci, Lombardo's cousin could be in charge. DiFronzo was released from prison in August 1995 and some 
       sources state that if he is not the boss that he is at least fronting for Lombardo.



CLEVELAND FAMILY FOOTNOTES:
1) Joseph Lonardo was murdered on October 13, 1927
2) Salvatore "Black Sam" Todaro was murdered on June 11, 1929
3) Joseph Porrello was murdered on July 5, 1930
4) Frank Milano fled to Mexico on January 30, 1935
5) According to testimony by Angelo Lonardo, Dr. Joseph Romano became the boss of the family after Frank
    Milano fled. Lonardo claims he was involved in Romano's murder on June 11, 1936. Most sources state Alfred Polizzi
    replaced Milano
6) Polizzi pled guilty to liquor tax charges on October 19, 1944. When he was released from prison in 1945, he retired
    to Coral Gables, Florida
7) John Scalish died of natural causes on May 26, 1976
8) James Licavoli was convicted on July 20,1982 of conspiracy charges stemming from the murder of Danny Greene
9) Angelo Lonardo become a government witness on October 26, 1983
10) John Tronolone the last head of the Cleveland family, although he never left Florida, died on June 1991



DALLAS FAMILY NOTES:
1) Carlo T. Piranio died of natural causes on February 20, 1930
2) Joseph T. Piranio, the brother of Carlo, committed suicide on October 27, 1956
3) Joseph Francis Civello died of natural causes on January 17, 1970. According to "25 Years After Valachi" the government
    claimed that after the death of Civello the Dallas Family was no longer active.
4) Joseph Campisi died of natural causes on January 13, 1990



DENVER FAMILY NOTES:
There appears to have been two Italian underworld factions in Colorado. A lot of activity took place in the city of Pueblo, which
is located a little over 100 miles south of Denver. After the death of Joe Roma in 1933, the Smaldone Family seems to have
controlled the city of Denver from then until the present. Their control was a real family affair as brothers, cousins, sons, wives,
and girlfriends were all involved in illegal activity in Denver and Northern Colorado. The brothers - Clyde "Flip Flop," Eugene
"Checkers," and Clarence "Chauncey" - were in and out of prison during these years. In February 1979, the St. Louis Post-
Dispatch revealed that Anthony Giordano from St. Louis was overseeing activity in Colorado that included both Denver and
Pueblo. It also stated that in the mid-1960s the St. Louis mob sent people to Denver to help the Smaldone's re-establish
control of the gambling interests there. All of the leadership changes that came after 1933 were listed in the "25 Years After 
Valachi" publication and most likely involved activity taking place in Pueblo.

1) Lou Blonger was convicted in 1922 of being a con artist. He died five months after entering prison.
2) Pete Carlino's body was found 20 miles southwest of Pueblo on September 13, 1931. Carlino was in charge of the Pueblo
     underworld and was believed to have been trying to muscle in on Joe Roma in Denver. After the death of Pete Carlino,
     Charles Blanda became the leader of the Pueblo faction. When Blanda died (no date available) Joseph Spinuzzi took 
     control and was reputed to be in charge of activities in Pueblo until the mid-1970s according to James Morton's "Gangland
     International." However, we know that James Colletti attended the Apalachin Conference and that in "25 Years After
     Valachi" Colletti was said to have been in charge until late 1969.
3) Joe Roma was murdered on February 18, 1933. He was most likely the head of the Denver underworld since the mid-1920s
    and his muscle came from the Smaldone brothers who were suspected of murdering him.
4) James Colletti of Pueblo attended the Apalachin Meeting, he died of natural causes on July 28, 1975
5) According to "25 Years After Valachi," on July 7, 1971 Joseph Spinuzzi, boss of the "Colorado Family" and from Pueblo, was
    convicted of gambling charges. The entry states that he was in charge since the latter part of 1969 when James Colletti
    retired.
6) Joseph Spinuzzi died of natural causes on September 6, 1975
7) Eugene "Checkers" Smaldone died of natural causes on March 17, 1992
8) Clyde "Flip Flop" Smaldone died of natural causes on January 7, 1998